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(c) 2010-2026 Jon L Gelman, All Rights Reserved.

Sunday, September 28, 2014

New lab incidents fuel fear, safety concerns in Congress


Biohazard symbol_CDC image
Biohazard symbol_CDC image

Symbol for biohazard.(Photo: CDC)
Scientists wearing space-suitlike protective gear searched for hours in May for a mouse — infected with a virus similar to Ebola — that had escaped inside Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Montana, one of the federal government's highest-security research facilities, according to newly obtained incident reports that provide a window into the secretive world of bioterror lab accidents.
During the same month at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, a lab worker suffered a cut while trying to round up escaped ferrets that had been infected with a deadly strain of avian influenza, records show. Four days later at Colorado State University's bioterrorism lab, a worker failed to ensure dangerous bacteria had been killed before shipping specimens — some of them still able to grow — to another lab where a worker unwittingly handled them without key protective gear.
Nobody was sickened in the incidents and the mouse was caught the next day. Yet in the wake of serious lab mishaps with anthrax and bird flu at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that prompted an uproar and a Congressional hearing this summer, these additional incidents are further fueling bipartisan concern about lab safety.
"As long as we keep having an ad hoc system of oversight in this country, we're going to keep seeing more and more incidents," said U.S. Rep. Diana DeGette of Colorado, the ranking...
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Widow awarded compensation for husband's asbestos related cancer death (From Bucks Free Press)


Widow awarded compensation for husband's asbestos related cancer death
Widow awarded compensation for husband's asbestos related cancer death

A WIDOW has been awarded a six figure compensation sum after her husband's former employers admitted liability for causing his death.
Pamela Page was awarded £177,500 following the death of her husband Geoffrey of an asbestos related cancer.
Lawyers acting on behalf of Mrs Page said her husband worked in a room at property owned by the music company EMI for three months cutting and drilling insulation material containing white asbestos - without being given protective clothing.
Mr Page, of Chalfont St Peter, only stopped the work in a tool room at an EMI property in Spinfield Road, Hayes, when he was visited by a union representative and told to cease.
He died in September 2011 aged 80 after being diagnosed with an asbestos related cancer. EMI accepted liability in recognition of the suffering Mr Page went through and the nursing care provided by his wife.
The action was brought against EMI on Mrs Page's behalf by the law firm Charles Lucas and Marshall.
Brigitte Chandler from the firm said: "By 1980 when Mr Page was working for EMI, knowledge of the dangers of asbestos was well known and Mr Page should not have been asked to work with the product without any protection.
"He obviously breathed in asbestos dust. This is why EMI’s insurers have accepted liability."
She added: "Sadly, the number of people dying from mesothelioma and lung cancer continues to increase due to the...
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Violence in the Workplace: Chicago Air Traffic Control

Today's post is shared from nytimes.com

Travelers lined up Friday to reschedule flights at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport after the region's air traffic control was sabotaged. More flights are resuming Saturday, but hundreds were also canceled.

The number of canceled flights in and out of Chicago crept toward 800 Saturday afternoon, as workers tried to restore one of the nation's busiest air traffic control systems. The system was crippled Friday, officials say, after a disgruntled employee set a fire in a federal radar center. (We updated the number of cancellations at 5 p.m. ET).

As we reported Friday, nearly 2,000 flights were canceled or delayed at Chicago's O'Hare and Midway airports, throwing travelers' plans into chaos and disrupting flights that use the area as a hub. Today, flight-tracking websites show a few steady streams of air traffic in and out of Chicago — but the volume doesn't approach the area's normal swarm of activity.

Officials say the disruption was caused by a fire that forced the evacuation of a nearby federal air traffic control center and the declaration of a rare "ATC Zero" status — "shorthand for the inability to safely provide air traffic control," reports Air Transport World.

New details emerged late Friday about the suspect in the case, Brian Howard, 36, after the FBI filed a preliminary criminal complaint in federal court. It accuses Howard of sending a note to a relative Friday morning in which he bid them farewell and said he was taking down...


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Saturday, September 27, 2014

A Comparison Of Hospital Administrative Costs In Eight Nations: US Costs Exceed All Others By Far

A few studies have noted the outsize administrative costs of US hospitals, but no research has compared these costs across multiple nations with various types of health care systems. We assembled a team of international health policy experts to conduct just such a challenging analysis of hospital administrative costs across eight nations: Canada, England, Scotland, Wales, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. We found that administrative costs accounted for 25.3 percent of total US hospital expenditures—a percentage that is increasing. Next highest were the Netherlands (19.8 percent) and England (15.5 percent), both of which are transitioning to market-oriented payment systems. Scotland and Canada, whose single-payer systems pay hospitals global operating budgets, with separate grants for capital, had the lowest administrative costs. Costs were intermediate in France and Germany (which bill per patient but pay separately for capital projects) and in Wales. Reducing US per capita spending for hospital administration to Scottish or Canadian levels would have saved more than $150 billion in 2011. This study suggests that the reduction of US administrative costs would best be accomplished through the use of a simpler and less market-oriented payment scheme.

doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1327Health Aff September 2014 vol. 33no. 9 1586-1594

Shift work: Marketing medication for symptoms instead of addressing the hazard

“Shift work refers to work that takes place outside of traditional 9-to-5 daytime hours. If you work nights or rotating shifts, you are a shift worker. Many people who work shifts are at risk for developing shift work disorder (SWD) and may experience excessive sleepiness (ES) on the job.” So says the website designed to market the drug known as Nuvigil, sold by Cephalon, a subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007 to treat narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea and the excessive sleepiness that may come with working a night shift, sales of Nuvigil grew by about 20 percent between 2013 and 2014, bringing in $189 million in the first six months of this year. The company’s online advertising suggests that that “1 in 4” of the approximately 15 million Americans who work outside 9 to 5 hours “may have SWD” and that shift workers may include factory workers, security guards, retail workers, fire fighters, doctors, nurses and other hospital workers, hotel and restaurant employees along with accountants, stockbrokers and “other people with corporate jobs.”

“The main symptoms of SWD are excessive sleepiness (ES) during a work shift and trouble sleeping (insomnia) during sleeping hours,” says the Nuvigil marketing copy. Curious about both the drug and the number of US workers the company might have in its sights as a potential market, I went to see...

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OSHA: Wireless Horizon tower collapse results in deaths of 2 cell tower worker

OSHA finds 2 willful, 4 serious safety violations at Blaine, Kansas, work site
Following the death of two workers from the collapse of a cell tower they were dismantling March 25, the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Wireless Horizon Inc. for two willful and four serious safety violations. OSHA placed the company in the Severe Violator Enforcement Program* following the incident. So far in 2014, 11 workers have lost their lives nationwide in the communication tower industry; and 13 deaths occurred in 2013.


"Two families have lost their loved ones in a preventable tragedy. No one should ever have to endure that loss. Inspecting and ensuring equipment is in good working order is a common-sense safety procedure that stop injuries and fatalities," said Dr. David Michaels, assistant secretary of labor for occupational safety and health. "OSHA expects tower owners and operators, such as Wireless Horizon, to protect their workers on job sites in this hazardous industry by increasing training and implementing all known safety precautions. Our nation's growing need for telecommunications should not cost workers their lives."

The tower technicians, ages 25 and 38, were using a load-lifting gin poleattached to the side of the tower with a wire rope sling. The sling failed, causing the gin pole to fall and bring the tower down with it. One of the employees was above the gin pole near the top of the tower, and the second employee was approximately 20 feet below the pole. Both workers fell to the ground during the collapse. As the tower fell, it also struck an adjacent tower, causing it to crumble as well. One of the employees had been with the company two months, while the other employee had only been working there for five months when the incident occurred. OSHA's inspection found that the equipment the company provided the workers was in poor repair. The company did not use proper engineering plans to ensure the workers were protected against this type of collapse.

OSHA's investigation found that Wireless Horizon failed to inspect the wire rope slings prior to use and provide protection to the slings when rigged over sharp objects. These failures resulted in the issuance of two willful violations. A willful violation is one committed with intentional, knowing or voluntary disregard for the law's requirements, or with plain indifference to worker safety and health.

Wireless Horizon also failed to conduct an engineering survey and develop a rigging plan prior to beginning the demolition process. Additionally, the company did not provide the technicians a load chart for the gin pole in use or operator manuals. OSHA issued four serious citations for these violations. A serious violation occurs when there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from a hazard about which the employer knew or should have known.

OSHA has proposed penalties of $134,400 for the company, based in St. Peters, Missouri. Wireless Horizon employs approximately 60 workers, including four that were present at the Blaine job site on the date of this fatal incident.

To view current citations, visit http://www.osha.gov/ooc/citations/WirelessHorizonInc_964654_0919_14.pdf*.

This company has been inspected by OSHA on two previous occasions since 2005, and OSHA issued multiple serious violations both times.

OSHA is collaborating with the National Association of Tower Erectors and other industry stakeholders to ensure that every communication tower employer understands their responsibility to protect workers performing this very dangerous work. OSHA has created a Web page targeting the issues surrounding communication tower work to help employees and employers better understand the risks of tower work and how to prevent injuries and fatalities in this industry.

Wireless Horizon has 15 business days from receipt of the citations to comply; request an informal conference with OSHA's area director in Wichita, Kansas, or contest the findings before the independent Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission.

One hospitalized in Port Neches chemical leak

A chemical leak at the Port Neches Huntsman facility resulted in the hospitalization of one employee Thursday morning. 

The leak occured at about 11:30 a.m. in the shipping and receiving area of the Huntsman plant at 2701 Spur 136, according to Huntsman spokewoman Anne Knisely.

The Port Neches Fire Department responded to the scene, but an on-site crew was able to contain the leak in approximately one hour, Knisely said. 

The employee was treated at the plant and taken to the hospital by ambulance as a precaution.

His injuries are not life threatening.

Huntsman notified all necessary agencies of the leak including the Texas Commision on Environment Quality, Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

There was no off-site impact and the community was never in any danger, Knisely said. 

Huntsman has begun an investigation to find out what caused the leak. 

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Study: People who work long hours in low-wage jobs experience higher risk of diabetes

A recent study has uncovered another possible risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes: working long hours in low-paying jobs.

In a study published this week in the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, researchers found that people who work more than 55 hours per week performing manual work or other low socioeconomic status jobs face a 30 percent greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes when compared to those working between 35 and 40 hours per week. The association remained even after researchers accounted for risk factors such as smoking, physical activity levels, age, sex and obesity as well as after they excluded shift work, which has already been shown to increase type 2 diabetes risk. The study is the largest so far to examine the link between long working hours and type 2 diabetes.

To conduct the study, researchers examined data from 23 studies involving more than 222,000 men and women in the U.S., Europe, Japan and Australia who were followed for an average of more than seven years. While on the surface, researchers found a similar type 2 diabetes risk among those who worked more than 55 hours per week and those working a more standard 35-40 hour week, more in-depth analysis revealed that workers in low socioeconomic jobs did, indeed, face a significantly higher risk. In other words, the association between long work hours and higher type 2 diabetes risk was only apparent among low-income groups. In a related commentary published in the same journal...

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Income Inequality: The Conseqences on The Economy

"ncome inequality at the county-level is 
positively associated with both the fraction of high status cars bought in the county, and 
indicators of consumer leverage. These results suggest the signaling motive might feature in 
some durable goods consumption choices, as households seek to “get ahead of the Joneses”, and 
invest in status consumption goods to signal that they might have advanced in their relative 
income position. These findings also suggest that rising inequality might have broader 
macroeconomic consequences, including a reduced savings rate and greater household debt."

Friday, September 26, 2014

CDC unveils 6-phase pandemic response blueprint

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today released a new influenza pandemic response plan that features six phases of activity, with the aim of providing clearer guidance on the timing of key actions, such as school closings and vaccinations.
The "Updated Preparedness and Response Framework for Influenza Pandemics" represents a revision of a framework issued in 2008, which itself was a modification of a 2006 plan. The latest iteration reflects lessons from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent responses to outbreaks of novel flu viruses, such as the swine-origin variant H3N2 (H3N2v).
The six phases outlined in the revised plan are:
  • Investigation of cases of novel flu in humans or animals
  • Recognition of increased potential for ongoing transmission
  • Initiation of a pandemic wave, meaning efficient and sustained transmission
  • Acceleration of a pandemic wave, meaning a consistently increasing number of cases in the United States
  • Deceleration of a pandemic wave, defined as consistently declining cases in the United States
  • Preparation for future pandemic waves, meaning low pandemic flu activity
The framework has been aligned with the pandemic phases of the World Health Organization (WHO) as restructured last year, the document says. It says the WHO phases provide a general view by aggregating epidemic curves from around the world, and the CDC intervals "serve as additional points of reference to provide a...
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Shire to Pay $56.5 Million to Settle False Marketing Claims

Today's post was shared by Take Justice Back and comes from online.wsj.com

Shire Pharmaceuticals LLC has agreed to pay $56.5 million to settle allegations that it overstated the efficacy of several of its drugs, including the attention-deficit treatment Adderall XR, the Department of Justice said Wednesday.
Shire Pharmaceuticals, a unit of Dublin-based drugmaker Shire PLC, allegedly violated the False Claims Act from 2004 to 2007 by promoting that Adderall could "normalize" recipients, making them indistinguishable from non-ADHD peers.
Shire didn't have clinical data to back up the claims, the Department of Justice said. Shire also said in its marketing that Adderall would prevent poor academic performance, loss of employment, criminal behavior, traffic accidents and sexually transmitted disease, the DOJ alleges.
"Shire cooperated throughout this investigation and, in advance of this settlement, began to correct its marketing activities," said U.S. Attorney Zane David Memeger in a statement Wednesday.
"We are pleased to have reached a resolution and to put this matter behind us," Chief Executive Flemming Ornskov said. "The company has had, and will continue to have, a comprehensive compliance program and internal controls to ensure we comply with applicable laws and regulations."
Shire hasn't admitted wrongdoing in connection with the settlement, according to the company's statement.
The pact resolves one outstanding issue ahead of Shire's planned $54 billion acquisition by AbbVie Inc.
The allegations stem from...
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Personal Attention Seen As Antidote To Rising Health Costs

Today's post was shared by Kaiser Health News and comes from www.kaiserhealthnews.org

This story is part of a partnership that includes Georgia Public Broadcasting, NPR and Kaiser Health News. It can be republished for free. (details)
Kevin Wiehrs is a nurse at a busy doctor’s office in Savannah, Ga. But instead of giving patients shots or taking blood pressure readings, his job is mostly talking with patients like Susan Johnson.
Johnson, 63, a retired restaurant cook who receives Medicare and Medicaid, has diabetes, and she already met with her doctor. Afterwards, Wiehrs spends another half hour with her, talking through her medication, exercise and diet.


Care coordinator Kevin Wiehrs meets with patient Susan Johnson at Memorial Health, a medical system based in Savannah, Ga. (Photo by Sarah McCammon/Georgia Public Broadcasting).
“So it sounds like you cut back on your sweets, things that have a lot of sugars in them -- what about vegetables, your portions of food, have you made any changes with that?” he asks her.
“A little bit. Ain’t gonna lie; a little bit,” she replies.
Wierhs, 51, was a hospice nurse for 15 years and a social worker before that. Now, he is one of five new care coordinators at Memorial Health, a medical system based in Savannah.  He was hired to pay special attention to patients with poorly controlled chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
“Some of these patients have fought with their diabetes for many years and get very complacent with the whole situation and feel that no...
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Number Of Marketplace Insurers To Rise 25 Percent, HHS Says

Today's post was shared by Kaiser Health News and comes from www.kaiserhealthnews.org

KHN Staff Writer
This KHN story can be republished for free. (details)
This story was updated at 5:40 p.m.
The number of health insurance companies offering plans in the marketplaces this fall will increase by 25 percent, giving consumers more choices for coverage, Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell announced Tuesday.


HHS Secretary Sylvia Burwell (Photo via C-SPAN).
When the marketplace enrollment reopens in November, 77 new insurers will be offering coverage in the 44 states for which HHS had data, which includes the 36 states that use the federal marketplace and eight states that run their own, the department reported.
The number of competitors on the marketplaces is considered important because it signifies the vitality of the exchange and can mean increased competition and lower prices for consumers. It also means that insurers see the health law’s online marketplaces or exchanges, as a good business opportunity, senior HHS officials said.
Nine insurers that offered coverage in the federal marketplaces and four that offered plans in the state exchanges for 2014 won’t do so again in 2015, but most of those insurers’ parent companies will be active in the respective states’ exchanges, according to the report.
In her remarks at the Brookings Institution Tuesday, Burwell said, her first priority "is improving access and affordability through the marketplace. In order to make sure that Americans continue to access affordable...
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Florida carrier shut down by FMCSA ignoring hours, maintenance rules

Today's post was shared by Trucker Lawyers and comes from www.overdriveonline.com

Two former trucking company owners pleaded guilty Aug. 19 to violating shutdown orders issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration in a reincarnated carrier ...

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has issued an imminent hazard out-of-service order to the Grand Ridge, Fla.-based Ken’s Trucking, a 33-truck fleet that hauls general freight and refrigerated food, the agency announced Sept. 18.
An investigation into the company revealed “numerous widespread violations of safety regulations,” the agency said in its announcement.
In the last 12 months, Ken’s Trucking has been involved in five recordable crashes, FMCSA says, and 29 of its drivers received 15 citations for speeding and 10 other traffic citations.
Related
FMCSA says it has suspended the authority of Espinal Trucking, based in Michigan City, for not cooperating with an investigation into its compliance history following ...

FMCSA says the carrier did not properly oversee and maintain driver qualification files, including medical certification and driving violation records, and it allowed drivers who tested positive for drug use — and with suspended CDLs — to operate its vehicles.
It also failed to ensure hours-of-service compliance of its drivers and did not properly maintain its...
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STILL PENDING

Today's post was shared by CAAA and comes from www.workerscompzone.com

In the next few days Governor Brown will probably act on two bills of great interest to the workers’ comp community.
According to an Assembly floor analysis, AB 2616 (Skinner) would  “extend to certain hospital employees who provide direct patient care the presumption that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are presumed to be job related.” The hospital employees would have to be providing direct patient care at a general acute care hospital.
The Assembly floor analysis notes that California Senate amendments add the proposed new presumptive injuries to the list of existing presumptive injuries for which a treating physician is not required to apportion causation for disability purposes to either nonindustrial, or prior industrial, injuries.
As for fiscal effect,  “According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee, this bill would apply to several state-run facilities, namely, state hospitals, developmental centers, and correctional treatment facilities that are all funded through General Fund (GF) dollars. The number of additional MRSA cases among state-employed direct care nursing staff is as a result of the presumption is likely to be small. However, if even one additional MRSA-related workers’ compensation claims was filed and approved as a result of this presumption, the cost could easily be in excess of $200,000 GF. ”
The MRSA presumption bill has been considered by the legislature in various...
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Watchdog faults EPA on failed asbestos tests

The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) internal watchdog criticized it for mismanaging tests on methods for demolishing buildings with asbestos.
The EPA conducted research between 1999 and 2011 on alternatives to the federally regulated process for demolishing the buildings and allowed some tests in Fort Worth, Texas, from 2006 to 2007.
The Office of Inspector General found in a Thursday report that the EPA spent $3.5 million on the program, only to conclude that it did not work as well as the traditional methods.
The watchdog concluded that EPA officials “did not conduct the research under a controlled and defined agency process that would have ensured consensus and oversight,” disregarded guidance and allowed violations of environmental laws.
It also failed to provide good data and results from the testing and put the public at potential risk of exposure to asbestos, which is considered toxic if inhaled.
Investigators did not find any documented health problems that resulted.
The inspector general said the EPA should learn from the experience and require better oversight of research processes and costs.
In a statement, the EPA said it concurred with the report.
“EPA has made significant changes to its research planning process to require that all research includes oversight procedures and input from senior managers,” EPA spokeswoman Laura Allen said in a statement.
“In response, EPA has also taken numerous steps to ensure the...
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Thursday, September 25, 2014

The Domino Effect of Treatment Denials

Today's post was shared by CAAA and comes from myemail.constantcontact.com

When UR denies medical treatment, the real world consequences are many!

Join us on September 20, 2014 for a practical examination of the "dominoes" that fall when an injured worker can't get the treatment they need. Specific practice tips and practical solutions will be offered by a superb panel of attorneys that are managing UR denials on a daily basis.

  • Can a worker be MMI if needed treatment is denied?
  • Does a Refusal to Authorize Treatment increase Permanent Disability?
  • Tolling the 104 TTD Cap during illegal treatment delay?
  • Return to work issues raised by Denial of Treatment
  • Obtaining an Accurate MSA in the face of Treatment Denials
  • Quality of Evidence Supporting Treatment Requests
  • Invalid UR and Insurance Bad Faith
  • Medical Board Jurisdiction over UR Reviewers
  • Invalid UR and Loss of Medical Control

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Working ‘Off the Clock’ is Not OK

Working ‘Off the Clock’ is Not OK.
Today's post was shared by Trucker Lawyers and comes from www.facebook.com
Pilot Travel Center employees in #‎Mississippi "were working through lunch, without pay" ... The employees ended up receiving "$141,096 in back wages and liquidated damages." This award made a difference in the lives of the employees and their loved ones, according to the article below. #‎workers
Here's the intro from the U.S. Department of Labor:
"Not paying workers for all of the hours they worked not only harms the workers, but also their families by depriving them of the wages they need to get by. Because of a Wage and Hour Division investigation, the employees at Pilot Travel Center received $141,096 in back wages and liquidated damages.
More information about workers’ rights and employers’ responsibilities also is available at www.dol.gov/whd."

Working ‘Off the Clock’ is Not OK.
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Terror-fund court ruling a win for victims' families

Today's post is shared from northjersey.com/
Tamir Averbach can’t forget the day his life changed.
He was 13, a seventh-grader at a school in Israel. He noticed his teachers became very quiet. Hours later, when he arrived home, he learned that his father, Steve, a police officer, had been paralyzed from the neck down in a suicide bus bombing in Jerusalem by the terrorist group Hamas. Seven years later, after much suffering, Steve Averbach, died. He was 44.
On Monday, Tamir Averbach, now 24 and a dual U.S.-Israeli citizen, was at work at a Teaneck computer firm when his life changed again.
A jury in a federal lawsuit in Brooklyn found that the powerful Arab Bank of Jordan knowingly financed the bombing — and must pay a cash penalty to Averbach and the families of some 300 other U.S. citizens killed or injured in two dozen Hamas attacks in Israel.
The amount, which will be decided in a separate trial and shared by the 300 families, could run to more than $1 billion, lawyers say.
But collecting it may take years.
Averbach says he doesn’t care about the money for himself and how it might change his life. It won’t bring his father back. He takes comfort in knowing that the banks are on notice that they cannot deal with terrorists.
 “If we can cut some of the funding at the source, maybe we can stop terrorism,” Averbach said.
Many counterterrorism experts agree.
“This is a groundbreaking case,” said Matthew Levitt, a...
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Wednesday, September 24, 2014

NJ 2015 Workers' Compensation Rates

For calendar year 2015, the maximum unemployment insurance, temporary disability insurance and workers' compensation benefit rates, the alternative earnings and base week amounts, and the taxable wage base are listed below.

Football and brain trauma: a workplace health issue

Today's post is shared from http://scienceblogs.com/thepumphandle
The news that almost one third of NFL football players can expect to suffer the effects of brain trauma made headlines in major media. While it is not surprising that large men, often leading with their heads, bashing each other week after week suffer some consequences, what was unexpected was how many players are likely to be injured, and that the NFL actually acknowledged this reality.
Obviously, the findings lead to the question of what to do about it besides compensate the injured. In the context of workplace injuries the injury rate in this industry is tremendously high and the severity of the resulting health conditions, including life altering and shortening conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Parkinson’s disease should raise serious alarm bells and initiate efforts to reduce the injury rate.
A major question is whether players can really be protected from head trauma given the way the game is played and the personal protective equipment that is available. The League put administrative controls in place a year or two ago, trying to limit certain types of contact to avoid butting heads, but injuries continue to occur. Helmets, the primary protective gear are technologically limited and cannot be designed to really protect the brain from serious trauma. Professional football is an example of work that cannot be made safe, at least without fundamentally altering the way the game is played.
As...
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