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(c) 2010-2024 Jon L Gelman, All Rights Reserved.

Monday, December 23, 2013

A History of Workers' Compensation - With a Washington State Slant

English Fire Insurance Laws Enacted in 1667
Today's post comes from guest author Kit Case, from Causey Law Firm.
c2000, BC Hammurabi, ruler of Babylon, was responsible for the Code of Hammurabi, part of which bears resemblance to today's workers' compensation laws.
c460-c377, BC Hippocrates, the father of contemporary medicine, established .a link between the respiratory problems of Greek stonecutters and the rock dust surrounding them.
1667 The Great Fire of London (September 2-7, 1666) caused the first English fire insurance laws to be enacted.
1880 William Gladstone pushes Employers’ Liability Act in Britain
1864 The Pennsylvania Mine Safety Act (PMSA) was passed into law.
1871 Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, (known as Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman) enacts the Employers’ Liability Act.
1877 The state of Massachusetts passed a law requiring guarding for dangerous machinery, and took authority for enforcement of factory inspection programs.
1878 The first recorded call by a labor organization for a federal occupational safety and health law is heard.
1884 Otto von Bismarck enacts Workers’ Accident Insurance
1902 The state of Maryland passed the first workers' compensation law.
1911 Industrial Insurance laws enacted in Washington State.
1911 – 1915 During this period, 30 states passed workers' compensation laws.
1968 President Lyndon Johnson called for a federal occupational safety and health law.
1970 President Richard Nixon signed into law the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), thus creating the OSH Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
1972 Self-Insurance for Workers' Compensation allowed for individual businesses in Washington State.
2012 Compromise and Release Structured Settlement Agreements allowed for certain Washington State workers’ compensation claims that meet basic criteria.


Buying Overseas Clothing, U.S. Flouts Its Own Advice

Interational fashion safety, once a catalyst in the US of beter working conditions, still does not bring to the table the USToday's post was shared by The New York Times and comes from www.nytimes.com


One of the world’s biggest clothing buyers, the United States government spends more than $1.5 billion a year at factories overseas, acquiring everything from the royal blue shirts worn by airport security workers to the olive button-downs required for forest rangers and the camouflage pants sold to troops on military bases.
But even though the Obama administration has called on Western buyers to use their purchasing power to push for improved industry working conditions after several workplace disasters over the last 14 months, the American government has done little to adjust its own shopping habits.
Labor Department officials say that federal agencies have a “zero tolerance” policy on using overseas plants that break local laws, but American government suppliers in countries including Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Pakistan and Vietnam show a pattern of legal violations and harsh working conditions, according to audits and interviews at factories. Among them: padlocked fire exits, buildings at risk of collapse, falsified wage records and repeated hand punctures from sewing needles when workers were pushed to hurry up.
In Bangladesh, shirts with Marine Corps logos sold in military stores were made at DK Knitwear, where child laborers made up a third of the work force, according to a 2010 audit that led some vendors to cut ties with the plant. Managers punched workers for missed production quotas, and the plant had...
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Sunday, December 22, 2013

Drilling down on the necessity of dental X-rays

Dental x-rays
When my son and daughter were youngsters, once a year I'd have a disagreement with their pediatric dentist. He wanted to do routine annual X-rays, and I would protest because neither child ever had any cavities. His response: Dental X-rays are an important diagnostic tool, representing a small speck in the sea of radiation that we receive by inhabiting planet Earth.
It turns out we both were right. Dental X-rays are essential for detecting serious oral and systemic health problems, and generally the amount of radiation is very low. But new thinking on dental X-rays is that the "one size fits all" schedule is outdated.
"The notion of bite-wing X-rays every year and a full set of X-rays every three years for every patient should go in the garbage can," says Stuart White, a dentist and professor emeritus at the UCLA School of Dentistry. Instead, decisions should be made individually.
Emphasizing that "without dental X-rays we would go back 120 years, and disease detection would be primitive and awful," White says dentists must strive to minimize unnecessary exposure.
And this is where the discussion gets complicated because the amount of radiation you receive depends on how the dentist takes pictures of your teeth.
For example, if your dentist uses slow film and round collimation (the piece of equipment placed near your face during X-rays), you're going to get approximately double the dose that you would from digital imagery and rectangular...
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Every Year There Are Thousands of Holiday-Decorating Injuries


Holiday safety is an important concern. Today's post is shared from The Atlantic.

It was the day after Christmas, 1994, and the Garber family had gathered around its table for a post-holiday dinner. The atmosphere: still festive. The turkey: still juicy. The tree: still in full regalia. All was still merry and bright, in other words, as we sat down to our day-after leftovers.
Until, that is, someone smelled the smoke. At first, we thought, the oven had been left on. Or maybe a neighbor had lit a fire? But then the scent started to take on a sour tinge. Like burning plastic? Or maybe—eek—lighter fluid? And then someone saw the smoke. It was wafting in toward the table. We weren't smelling something from outside. It all was coming from inside the house.
The Christmas of 1994, in other words, was the Christmas the Garber family became a statistic: Our tree had caught fire. We are still not sure how. But it was probably, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission would say, because we had let our tree go under-watered. Or over-lighted. Or, even more possibly, overdone with reflective ornaments. Perhaps, on the other hand, we had simply situated it too close to a heat source.
Regardless: Do not be like the Garbers! Heed the warnings of the CPSC, for your own safety, or at least that of your home! Each year, the Commission publishes, Cassandra-like, a nearly identical list of recommendations meant to help Americans...
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Judge Orders Companies to Pay $1.1 Billion for Lead Paint Removal


Video Link: http://tinyurl.com/mwoqs3d
On Monday, a judge ordered three paint companies to pay $1.1 billion to remove lead-based paint in California homes in several jurisdictions, including Oakland, San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego, marking the end to a case that took 13 years to litigate.
According to the LA Times, Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge James P. Kleinberg ruled that ConAgra, NL Industries and Sherwin-Williams had exposed children to a known poison for decades when they sold lead-based paint for use in homes before it was outlawed in 1977 and created a “public nuisance” by their actions.
Public health historians Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner mentioned the trial to Bill earlier this year on Moyers & Company noting that a decision against the companies would mark only the second time in history that the industry has been compelled to pay for clean-up. A similar decision in 2006 in Rhode Island was later overturned by that state’s Supreme Court. Markowitz and Rosner warned that, for young children, there’s no safe level of exposure to this dangerous toxin still lurking in millions of homes across the country.
In the California ruling, the judge wrote, “The court is convinced there are thousands of California children in the Jurisdictions whose lives can be improved, if not saved through a lead abatement plan.” The LA Times reports that nearly 5 million homes in the 10 cities and counties that joined the lawsuit could require abatement. Many of...
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Having a Servant Is Not a Right

AT the heart of the fracas surrounding the arrest of an Indian diplomat in New York who promised to pay her housekeeper $9.75 per hour, in compliance with United States labor rules, but instead paid her $3.31 per hour, is India’s dirty secret: One segment of the Indian population routinely exploits another, and the country’s labor laws allow gross mistreatment of domestic workers.
India is furious that the diplomat, Devyani Khobragade, was strip-searched and kept in a cell in New York with criminals. Retaliation from the newly assertive but otherwise bureaucracy-ridden nation was swift. American diplomats were stripped of identity cards granting them diplomatic benefits, and security barriers surrounding the American Embassy in New Delhi were hauled away. A former finance minister suggested that India respond by arresting same-sex partners of American diplomats, since the Indian Supreme Court recently upheld a section of a Colonial-era law that criminalizes homosexuality.
Notwithstanding legitimate Indian concerns about whether American marshals used correct protocol in the way they treated a diplomat, the truth is that India is party to an exploitative system that needs to be scrutinized.
I grew up in a middle-class household in India in the ’80s; my parents were schoolteachers, and our lifestyle was not lavish by any means. I received new clothes once a year; I don’t recall ever going to a restaurant; our family couldn’t afford a car, so we...
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Saturday, December 21, 2013

Winter Warning: Portable Generators Hold Top Spot in CPSC Report on Carbon Monoxide Deaths & Incidents

Garment workers protest in Savar, Dhaka, on 24 November 2013


Carbon monoxide (CO) is an invisible killer, and portable gas generators emit a lot of CO. Portable generators were involved in the majority of carbon monoxide deaths involving engine-driven tools from 1999 through 2012.  At a carbon monoxide safety event in Chicago today, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Acting Chairman Robert Adler announced that a new agency report finds that portable generators were linked to more than 85 percent of non-fire CO deaths associated with engine-driven tools, or 800 out of 931 deaths, during that 14-year period.  Most of the deaths have occurred since 2005, when Hurricane Katrina and a series of winter ice storms hit the U.S.
CPSC’s report also found that African Americans died at nearly twice their proportion of the population.  CPSC staff found that 23 percent of generator-related fatalities involved African Americans. African Americans make up about 12 percent of the U.S. population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Men of any race were most likely to die from CO poisoning from generators, accounting for 73 percent of the deaths.
Most of the generator fatalities, or 74 percent, occurred at fixed-structure homes. Many of these incidents involved generators that were operated in the home’s living space.
Portable generators have fuel-burning engines.  Engine exhaust contains high levels of poisonous carbon monoxide, which can be fatal within minutes if used...
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Employer Fraud: NJ employer accused of stealing over $265K from workers' comp insurer

Charles Kelcy Pegler Sr.
TRENTON — Charles Kelcy Pegler Sr., 55, of Spring Lake, has been indicted for stealing more than $265,000 by providing false and misleading information to the workers compensation insurance carrier for his roofing company.

Pegler was charged Thursday with second-degree theft by deception, second-degree false contract payment claim for a government contract, third-degree insurance fraud and fourth-degree false swearing, the state Attorney Generals Office announced.

Pegler is the president of Roof Diagnostics Inc. located at 2333 Route 34 in Wall. During the time described by the indictment, the company was at 608 Brighton Ave. in Spring Lake Heights.

The indictment alleges that between June 6, 2002 and Oct. 5, 2009, Pegler stole $265,044 from New Jersey Casualty Insurance Co. by creating the false impression that Roof Diagnostics was not a roofing company, that it did not employ roofers and that it did not install, maintain or repair roofs. That meant he paid far less in insurance premiums than he should have, according to state investigators.

This defendant had a legal responsibility to provide adequate and lawful workers compensation coverage for employees, Acting Attorney General John J. Hoffman said in a release.

By providing misinformation to his workers compensation carrier, he not only failed in this responsibility but also defrauded an insurance company out of hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The cost of such fraud is passed...
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The Flu Is One Gift That We Don't Have To Keep On Giving For People With Cancer

Today's post was shared by CDC Cancer and comes from www.cancer.org


It's the holiday season, a time of reflection, celebration and for many, giving gifts. But there is at least one gift that no one wants to get, and certainly no one wants to give: the flu. And for people with cancer, and those they come in contact with, the flu can be a very serious event. For that reason and many more, people more than 6 months old-and especially those in contact with people who have serious illnesses like cancer-should get vaccinated against the flu.
Too many of us think the flu is a minor inconvenience. But that is almost certainly because we confuse the typical cold or upper respiratory infection, which usually means discomfort and maybe a day or two off work.  Influenza is a much different and much more dangerous animal, especially to people with chronic diseases.
Over time we have become somewhat immune to the messages about the dangers of the flu, now that we have vaccinations and medicines which can treat the illness. Few are alive who remember anything about the great influenza pandemic of 1918:
"The influenza of that season, however was far more than a cold...The flu was most deadly for people ages 20-40...It infected 28% of all Americans (Tice). An estimated 675,000 Americans died of influence during the pandemic, ten times as many as in the world war. Of the US soldiers who died in Europe, half of them fell to the influenza virus and not the enemy (Deseret News) An estimated 43,000 servicemen mobilized for WWI died of influenza...
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FMCSA Considers Changing Driver Vision Exemption

Today's post was shared by NIOSH Transportation and comes from www.truckinginfo.com

December 18, 2013

By Truckinginfo Staff

SHARING TOOLS        | PrintSubscribe

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration is proposing to ease its standards for granting exemptions to driver vision requirements.

In a Federal Register notice the agency is seeking comments on a plan to shorten the amount of experience required for a driver to obtain an exemption.

Under current rules, the agency considers exemptions on a case-by-case basis for drivers who have three years of intrastate experience immediately before the application. The drivers are required to meet numerous other standards, including no suspensions, citations or convictions for a serious traffic violation.

Now the agency is considering a couple of options to ease this standard, based on research showing that the collision rates of visually impaired drivers are no higher than those of non-impaired drivers.

One option would be to require just one year of experience, rather than three. The other would be to remove the experience requirement altogether.

The agency also is considering changes to its driver safety performance requirements for the exemption.

FMCSA Considers More Exemptions from Hearing Regulation
FMCSA Considers More Exemptions from Hearing Regulation
Little Common Ground at Restart Hearing
Little Common Ground at Restart Hearing
Smart Roads, Smart Vehicles
Smart Roads, Smart Vehicles
FMCSA Eases Enforcement of Break Requirement for Short-Haul Drivers
FMCSA Eases Enforcement of Break Requirement for Short-Haul Drivers

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Friday, December 20, 2013

A California Lesson: How to Kill Workers' Compensation Pill By Pill

Back in the days when the workers’ compensation statutes were initially crafted in the US, probably the most common drugs used to treat injured workers were aspirin and Mercurochrome ™ (a/k/a Merbromin, now banned by the FDA). Things were sure simpler then.

Now workers comp pharmaceutical sales is a big business: The drug companies hire sales reps on commission to sell products to doctor; doctors are paid by the drug companies with gifts, trips and free lunches; and pharmacies and a new cottage industry of pharmacy benefit coordinators will even help injured workers “find an attorney.”

Mercurochrome™
Compounding (no pun intended) is yet another problem as specialty drugs are crafted to prescribing physician specifications. Recently that has led to a major contamination issue as governmental regulations were lacking.

If things weren’t bad enough in the pharmaceutical sector, there is also an element of both prescription fraud and abuse. Sometimes even the dispenser will attempt to also cut costs by selling a generic, almost but not quite, look alike product as a substitute.

The breakfast table discussion topic in injured workers’ homes concentrates on boasting, “how many pills do you take?” It is not if, it is now how much.

Understandably, California employers and insurance carriers are grabbing the opportunity of using the IMR (Independent Medical Review) process to delay and deny benefits. The problem is that is NOT what the process was intended to be used for. It you want to kill the workers’ compensation system using, the pill by pill technique, the strategy will obviously work.

It is bad medicine for an ill system. It will only increase costs and litigation  and all the parties will suffer.

While some very knowledgeable people have endorsed a “formulary system,” that is a doubtful solution to the complicated issue. The Part D system embraced under the Medicare Program is a nightmare of confusion. You need a crystal ball, and a lot of luck, on picking the best selection. The odds at the Mega-Million jackpot are better.


What workers’ compensation needs is not to re-invent the wheel yet again for  pharmaceutical care. It cannot cure the corrupted practices of big pharma. The compensation system was intended to be a simple and cost effective system for providing summary benefits for injured workers. California needs to take a step back, and just specifically exclude drugs from the IMR process altogether.
….
Jon L. Gelman of Wayne NJ is the author NJ Workers’ Compensation Law (West-Thompson) and co-author of the national treatise, Modern Workers’ Compensation Law (West-Thompson). For over 4 decades the Law Offices of Jon L Gelman  1.973.696.7900  jon@gelmans.com  have been representing injured workers and their families who have suffered occupational accidents and illnesses.

What Happens in the Brain After a Concussion

Thomas Northcut/Getty Images
Head concussions are a serious issue for professional and ameture athletes. The challenge of determining brain damage is forcing medical scientists to research better diagnostic evaluation methods. Today's post is shared from nytimes.com

A remarkable recent experiment allowed scientists to see inside the skull and brain of animals that had just experienced a concussion, providing sobering new evidence of how damaging even minor brain impacts can be. While the results, which were published in Nature, are worrisome, they also hint at the possibility of treating concussions and lessening their harm.
Concussions occur when the brain bounces against the skull after someone’s head is bumped or jolted. Such injuries are fairly common in contact sports, like football and hockey, and there is growing concern that repeated concussions might contribute to lingering problems with thinking or memory. This concern was heightened this week by reports that the brain of the late major league baseball player Ryan Freel showed symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a degenerative condition. He reportedly had been hit in the head multiple times during his career.
But scientists did not know exactly what happens at a molecular level inside the brain during and after a concussion. The living brain is notoriously difficult to study, since it shelters behind the thick, bony skull and other protective barriers. In some earlier studies, scientists had removed portions of lab animals’ skulls to view what happened to their brains during subsequent impacts. But removing part of the skull causes its own tissue damage and physiological response, muddying any findings about how the brain is...
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Thursday, December 19, 2013

Growth in U.S. Health Care Spending Slows

It is a sweeping trend that should mean bigger paychecks for middle-class households and hundreds of billions of dollars in savings for the government. Yet only one in 20 Americans is aware of it.

Nationally, spending on health care is growing at the slowest pace ever recorded. Annual spending on health care often grew more than 10 percent a year during the 1970s and ’80s. Growth dipped in the 1990s, only to rise again, but starting in the early 2000s, the rate began falling. It is now just about 4 percent a year.

Yet in the latest New York Times/CBS News poll, just 5 percent of all Americans — and 3 percent of uninsured respondents — said that health care spending has moderated. Half of respondents said that costs have been going up at a faster rate lately.

That might be in part because Americans are paying more out of pocket for their health care. For instance, deductibles — the amount a covered individual has to pay for health care before the plan kicks in to cover the remaining costs — have become more common and more expensive.

The percentage of Americans enrolled in a health plan with a deductible of at least $1,000 has climbed to 38 percent in 2013 from 18 percent in 2008, according to a recent survey by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. And over the same period, the average deductible has increased to $1,097 from $735.

Normally, that moderation in health spending would mean households would receive higher wages: Businesses...

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Elizabeth Warren Introduces Bill to Prevent Employers From Discriminating Against Poor People

Today's post was shared by Mother Jones and comes from www.motherjones.com

Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) with White House senior adviser Valerie Jarrett.Ron Sachs/Cnp/Prensa Internacional/ZUMAPress
On Tuesday, Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and six of her colleagues in the Senate introduced a bill that would prevent employers from using credit checks in the hiring process, a practice that disproportionately hurts poor people.
Over the past few decades, credit reporting bureaus have begun selling their services not just to lenders, but to a wide range of employers. Forty-seven percent of employers check applicants' credit history as an indicator of their employability, according to a 2012 survey by the Society for Human Resource Management. But research shows that a person's credit score has nothing to do with her likelihood of succeeding in the workplace. The Equal Employment for All Act—co-sponsored by Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.), Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.), Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.), and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.)—would prohibit the judging of applicants by this metric.
"A bad credit rating is far more often the result of unexpected medical costs, unemployment, economic downturns, or other bad breaks than it is a reflection on an individual's character or abilities," Warren said. "Families have not fully recovered from the 2008 financial crisis, and too many Americans are still searching for jobs. This is about basic fairness—let people compete on the...
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